McDougal-Littell. Telescoping The Times: The Age of Imperialism,"Imperialists Divide Africa." 1850-1914. Web.
In this article it explains how European nations established colonial territory in Africa and how they took Africa's resources. "In the Mid-1800s, Europeans had renewed interest in Africa. This rose, in part, from a desire to create overseas empires, a movement called imperialism. European nations wanted to control lands that had raw materials they needed for their industrial economies." Back in the 1800s European countries wanted to expand and build upon their resources by taking them from Africa. "A nation often felt that gaining colonies was a measure of its greatness." They often took resources from other countries to better their country and make their nation feel better. European nations were naturally more developed at that point in time anyways so for them to go to Africa and steal their resources was just diminishing Africa even more. "Technology helped them succeed. Steam engines, railroads, and telegraphs made them able to penetrate deeper into Africa and still have contact with the home country." This quote just proves that they were already more advanced in technology than Africa and they were able to go there and just take whatever they wanted including the people for their own benefit. In a previous annotation I had made a comment on how America helps out africa by giving them aid and trading with them but really they are just doing that for their own personal gain. By trading with an underdeveloped country the developed country has an opportunity to influence what the other country trades. "The Europeans began to build plantations where they grew peanuts, palm oil, cocoa, and rubber. They also took important minerals." Along with the important minerals they took they brought back African people.
In my opinion I think people should not consider Africa poor because we are all the causes of their poverty. We meaning the world. The world has shaped the way Africa was and the way that it is. In all of my research I think Europe and America has had the biggest impact on the way Africa is today. All of my sources that I have found are all as equally important I feel in my overall research paper. At this point I don't think one source dominates over another.
Monday, October 31, 2011
Annotation # 9. Assignment # 14
Ehert, Christopher. The Civilizations of Africa. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. 2002. 459-460. Print.
This book is mainly a history book. It goes as far back as 16,000 BCE and ends in the eighteenth century. I looked at the end of the book and found information on the eighteenth century. I wanted to use this book to become more knowledgeable in the African slave trade. "Far across the continent, from the eastern Sudan and interior East Africa, growing numbers of Africans continued to be exported as slaves to the Middle East until the close of the nineteenth century. The nineteenth century is roughly 300 years ago. If you think about that, that isn't to long ago. We just started the twenty first century. I was considering using this book in my argument of how Africa is still in the process of becoming developed. They haven't had as many years to organize their continent the way America has. America has also used slaves from Africa to help develop our continent to the way that it is today. We did not use our own people to work the land, or put them in dangerous factories. Granted at one point in time we did but to start off with we used slaves while the white men just sat around calculating the numbers or at least in my mind that's what I image them to be doing most of the time. The white men would watch over the slaves and make sure they worked and beat the slaves if they weren't working sufficiently.
"By the close of the eighteenth century, a quickening of commerce and a deepening of the ties of Africans to an emerging world economy had begun to be felt almost everywhere in Africa. The trade in human cargoes from the western coasts of the continent continued to at a high rate for another fifty years, but gradually and slowly the struggle against this trade gained the upper hand." The export of the African people being used as a thing or resource to benefit other countries greatly disturbed Africa. Other countries not only took the people but also took natural resources which has cause several set backs in the growth and development of Africa.
I believe this source to be reliable and credible. It is a history book so it is not based on opinion and thoughts by this author. The author is Christopher Ehert and the book includes several illustrators along with an illustration credit in the back of the book. This book also has an index which helped me determine whether or not I wanted to use this as a source.
This book is mainly a history book. It goes as far back as 16,000 BCE and ends in the eighteenth century. I looked at the end of the book and found information on the eighteenth century. I wanted to use this book to become more knowledgeable in the African slave trade. "Far across the continent, from the eastern Sudan and interior East Africa, growing numbers of Africans continued to be exported as slaves to the Middle East until the close of the nineteenth century. The nineteenth century is roughly 300 years ago. If you think about that, that isn't to long ago. We just started the twenty first century. I was considering using this book in my argument of how Africa is still in the process of becoming developed. They haven't had as many years to organize their continent the way America has. America has also used slaves from Africa to help develop our continent to the way that it is today. We did not use our own people to work the land, or put them in dangerous factories. Granted at one point in time we did but to start off with we used slaves while the white men just sat around calculating the numbers or at least in my mind that's what I image them to be doing most of the time. The white men would watch over the slaves and make sure they worked and beat the slaves if they weren't working sufficiently.
"By the close of the eighteenth century, a quickening of commerce and a deepening of the ties of Africans to an emerging world economy had begun to be felt almost everywhere in Africa. The trade in human cargoes from the western coasts of the continent continued to at a high rate for another fifty years, but gradually and slowly the struggle against this trade gained the upper hand." The export of the African people being used as a thing or resource to benefit other countries greatly disturbed Africa. Other countries not only took the people but also took natural resources which has cause several set backs in the growth and development of Africa.
I believe this source to be reliable and credible. It is a history book so it is not based on opinion and thoughts by this author. The author is Christopher Ehert and the book includes several illustrators along with an illustration credit in the back of the book. This book also has an index which helped me determine whether or not I wanted to use this as a source.
Sunday, October 30, 2011
Annotation # 8. Assignment 13.
Miller, Greg. "Why is Africa Poor?" Cato. Cato Institute, 06 Dec. 2011. Web. 26 Oct. <http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=12614>.
This source I see will play a major role in my research paper. It talks about Africa's government and how they are mostly to blame for the poverty in the continent. I agree with this article completely. There are many influences which make Africa poor but I believe the government does have the most control over these other factors and should be doing more to help their own continent. "African leaders have become adept at externalizing blame, holding others responsible for Africa's failings. Yet African leaders-not a lack of capital, access to world markets, or technical expertise-are to blame for the continent's underdevelopment." African leaders must take more responsibility for their actions and focus more on benefiting their continent instead of thinking to much about all their mistakes. They must realize what they did wrong and then move on. It seems obvious that whatever they have been doing hasn't been working out well for them. Africa's culture is way different from the rest of the world so I think in a way that has hindered their economic growth in some ways. I'm not saying they should completely change their cultural ways but they should consider changing some aspects such as global trade with the rest of the world. "Africa must embrace globalization and trade with the rest of the world. African countries must also make their business environment much friendlier to domestic and foreign investors."
"Many reasons have been put forward for the region's slow development-a lack of human and government capacity, poor infrastructure and trade access, the effects of too little (or too much) foreign aid, the legacy of arbitrary colonial boundaries, low productivity, the cold war, climate, and geography. Many African leaders blame the rest of the world for African poverty, implying that solutions to underdevelopment are out of their hands. But the world has not denied Africa the markets and financial means to compete." This quote sums up what I want to do with my paper. I want to incorporate different aspects that influence poverty but also show that Africa's leaders have had a huge role in the way the continent is as well. "Africa is poor not because of aid per Se, although large inflows of foreign aid have almost certainly been a disincentive to reform for many African governments. Nor is African poverty solely a consequence of poor African infrastructure or trade access. Africa has enjoyed preferential access to international markets, yet the continent has slipped behind other, less favored, competitors." This is saying that Africa is not poor because of the lack of aid or because of too much aid given at one time or because of the trade market but rather it is a combination of everything. Large monopolies have also effected Africa's infrastructure.
I see this source relating to a lot of previous sources I have read in that this one quote ties them all together. I have previously mentioned education, and healthcare but also geography, trade, and the effects of little or too much foreign aid. I believe this source to be reliable and credible. The author is Greg Mills who is a director of a foundation in South Africa. He is also the author of another article called "and What Africans Can Do About It."
This source I see will play a major role in my research paper. It talks about Africa's government and how they are mostly to blame for the poverty in the continent. I agree with this article completely. There are many influences which make Africa poor but I believe the government does have the most control over these other factors and should be doing more to help their own continent. "African leaders have become adept at externalizing blame, holding others responsible for Africa's failings. Yet African leaders-not a lack of capital, access to world markets, or technical expertise-are to blame for the continent's underdevelopment." African leaders must take more responsibility for their actions and focus more on benefiting their continent instead of thinking to much about all their mistakes. They must realize what they did wrong and then move on. It seems obvious that whatever they have been doing hasn't been working out well for them. Africa's culture is way different from the rest of the world so I think in a way that has hindered their economic growth in some ways. I'm not saying they should completely change their cultural ways but they should consider changing some aspects such as global trade with the rest of the world. "Africa must embrace globalization and trade with the rest of the world. African countries must also make their business environment much friendlier to domestic and foreign investors."
"Many reasons have been put forward for the region's slow development-a lack of human and government capacity, poor infrastructure and trade access, the effects of too little (or too much) foreign aid, the legacy of arbitrary colonial boundaries, low productivity, the cold war, climate, and geography. Many African leaders blame the rest of the world for African poverty, implying that solutions to underdevelopment are out of their hands. But the world has not denied Africa the markets and financial means to compete." This quote sums up what I want to do with my paper. I want to incorporate different aspects that influence poverty but also show that Africa's leaders have had a huge role in the way the continent is as well. "Africa is poor not because of aid per Se, although large inflows of foreign aid have almost certainly been a disincentive to reform for many African governments. Nor is African poverty solely a consequence of poor African infrastructure or trade access. Africa has enjoyed preferential access to international markets, yet the continent has slipped behind other, less favored, competitors." This is saying that Africa is not poor because of the lack of aid or because of too much aid given at one time or because of the trade market but rather it is a combination of everything. Large monopolies have also effected Africa's infrastructure.
I see this source relating to a lot of previous sources I have read in that this one quote ties them all together. I have previously mentioned education, and healthcare but also geography, trade, and the effects of little or too much foreign aid. I believe this source to be reliable and credible. The author is Greg Mills who is a director of a foundation in South Africa. He is also the author of another article called "and What Africans Can Do About It."
Wednesday, October 26, 2011
Annotation # 7. Assignment 13
"Africa's natural resources, Spread the wealth, The impressive growth figures of resource-rich Africa countries are not all good news" The Economist Feb. 10 2011. www.economist.com/node/18114495
I found this article while looking up random information online and it has a similar sentence referring to Africa having six of ten fastest growing countries, which I quoted in a previous blog. I thought that was interesting and so I kept on reading. I'm not entirely sure what kind of credibility this website has but I found the information to be rather useful. This article really stood out to me because I am so passionate about going to Africa someday and helping there country in some way, Lord willing of course, but it says some countries are being developed and the political leaders need to make more of an effort in helping the continent which I completely agree with. "The first responsibility to do something lies with African leaders themselves." I think if they even have a government they should be doing more to help the country by figuring out where they want the continent to be in several years from now and develop some sort of plan as to how they are going to get there. I believe they should create some sort of currency or produce more currency and create jobs so that they can distribute the currency they had just created. However nice of a thought this is educated people don't want to move to Africa because they don't have good jobs, healthcare, education, housing or anything yet really so this makes it hard for Africa to become developed because it causes them to learn all on their own. the people who are their currently are stuck in their never ending rut of being poor because their is no one their to help them out of it, much like in the "Stool Makers of Jobra Village." by Mohammad Yunus. It is similar to this story because Yunus tried helping out the town by going to the bank and seeing if the bank would help the poor out but the banking system wouldn't allow the bank to help the poor in the way they needed help.
Most countries want to help out Africa by trading with the and taking their resources. They don't really care about Africa's well being. They just help out for selfish personal gain."Health and education suffer as poorly paid doctors and teachers take jobs in the oil firms." The educated individuals in that country are being forced out of their jobs to earn a better living by doing manual labor. While they do need manual labor workers I think they need to start with building up their government, schools, and healthcare facilities. Starting with the development of these things will create more control in their country and allow them to have some stable guidance among the continent. They need to have structure behind the things they are doing otherwise it will continue to be chaotic. "Insiders and profiteers are increasing using oil revenues to take over service industries. They crowd out entrepreneurs and create their own monopolies." Monopolies are in control of manipulating the prices in a market place. They create and unequal flow of business. I want to further my research with finding out more on the market place in Africa and their flow of income and how they use their currency.
I found this article while looking up random information online and it has a similar sentence referring to Africa having six of ten fastest growing countries, which I quoted in a previous blog. I thought that was interesting and so I kept on reading. I'm not entirely sure what kind of credibility this website has but I found the information to be rather useful. This article really stood out to me because I am so passionate about going to Africa someday and helping there country in some way, Lord willing of course, but it says some countries are being developed and the political leaders need to make more of an effort in helping the continent which I completely agree with. "The first responsibility to do something lies with African leaders themselves." I think if they even have a government they should be doing more to help the country by figuring out where they want the continent to be in several years from now and develop some sort of plan as to how they are going to get there. I believe they should create some sort of currency or produce more currency and create jobs so that they can distribute the currency they had just created. However nice of a thought this is educated people don't want to move to Africa because they don't have good jobs, healthcare, education, housing or anything yet really so this makes it hard for Africa to become developed because it causes them to learn all on their own. the people who are their currently are stuck in their never ending rut of being poor because their is no one their to help them out of it, much like in the "Stool Makers of Jobra Village." by Mohammad Yunus. It is similar to this story because Yunus tried helping out the town by going to the bank and seeing if the bank would help the poor out but the banking system wouldn't allow the bank to help the poor in the way they needed help.
Most countries want to help out Africa by trading with the and taking their resources. They don't really care about Africa's well being. They just help out for selfish personal gain."Health and education suffer as poorly paid doctors and teachers take jobs in the oil firms." The educated individuals in that country are being forced out of their jobs to earn a better living by doing manual labor. While they do need manual labor workers I think they need to start with building up their government, schools, and healthcare facilities. Starting with the development of these things will create more control in their country and allow them to have some stable guidance among the continent. They need to have structure behind the things they are doing otherwise it will continue to be chaotic. "Insiders and profiteers are increasing using oil revenues to take over service industries. They crowd out entrepreneurs and create their own monopolies." Monopolies are in control of manipulating the prices in a market place. They create and unequal flow of business. I want to further my research with finding out more on the market place in Africa and their flow of income and how they use their currency.
Monday, October 24, 2011
Brief summery. For my benefit.
"Characterizing Poverty" is a general article that will help me tie them all together and it will be a great way to start off my research paper. "The Developing Nations and Poverty and Progress" talks about population control and balancing the growth of your country with the growth of your economy. Trying to balance the two can be difficult for some countries with a rapidly growing population and a poorly developed economy. This can make it more difficult to develop a better economy and not have their resources spread out thinly across the country. Having to many poor people in one area can cause more poverty on them as a whole because there is no one there who can help them out by helping out the economy. It is kind of like what is happening in America today. Our economy is suffering because everyone is saving and no money is being circulated in the economy to make it better. I think that's similar to what people in Africa are trying to do as well. They are so poor they need to save money so when they have enough they can spend it on goods and products they need. Most people in Africa do not have enough money to go out and spend right away like people in America do. People in Africa can't normally go out and buy things that they want. They have to only buy the things they need because that's all they can afford.
"Chapter 20:Africa. What citizens need to know about world affairs." This article talks about a lot of different elements that influences the continents poverty. Drought, bad weather conditions, poor education, political violence, geography, healthcare, jobs, and transportation are all causes or influences that keeps Africa in poverty and makes it difficult for them to rise above it. The majority of Africa provides enough for themselves and not enough to put in a market place. If they were able to make enough crops then there economy could gradually grow from trading and purchasing other goods.
"Africans are not poor: Reading the World Ideas That Matter." She wrote a speech to Mr. Minister saying Africa is not poor. It has plenty of resources, its just not completely developed yet and they don't know how to become established in a way that is pleasing to the rest of the continent. Other countries took there resources and people and brought them back to their country so that left Africa with hardly anything. The continent was pulled apart in every direction and now they're learning to put the pieces back together. This relates to the previous two because they talk about Africa economy and trade. Lucy Lamek says it in a story like way which makes it a little easier to comprehend. I think all these articles so far kind of flow together.
"Africa is Awakening, Helping by Free Trade." In this journal article the journalist says America helps out other countries for our own personal gain such as to gain control of a poor countries market place. It ties in nicely with annotation # 6 with it talking about the fast growing economy. With Africa's growing economy that means other countries want to be apart of Africa to help manipulate it to what they want it to be. The reduced trade tariffs allow Africa to trade with other countries easier but the geography of Africa's ocean sides don't make it easy to export goods by boat. Africa does not have good natural harbors. (Chapter 20: Geography.)
"Chapter 20:Africa. What citizens need to know about world affairs." This article talks about a lot of different elements that influences the continents poverty. Drought, bad weather conditions, poor education, political violence, geography, healthcare, jobs, and transportation are all causes or influences that keeps Africa in poverty and makes it difficult for them to rise above it. The majority of Africa provides enough for themselves and not enough to put in a market place. If they were able to make enough crops then there economy could gradually grow from trading and purchasing other goods.
"Africans are not poor: Reading the World Ideas That Matter." She wrote a speech to Mr. Minister saying Africa is not poor. It has plenty of resources, its just not completely developed yet and they don't know how to become established in a way that is pleasing to the rest of the continent. Other countries took there resources and people and brought them back to their country so that left Africa with hardly anything. The continent was pulled apart in every direction and now they're learning to put the pieces back together. This relates to the previous two because they talk about Africa economy and trade. Lucy Lamek says it in a story like way which makes it a little easier to comprehend. I think all these articles so far kind of flow together.
"Africa is Awakening, Helping by Free Trade." In this journal article the journalist says America helps out other countries for our own personal gain such as to gain control of a poor countries market place. It ties in nicely with annotation # 6 with it talking about the fast growing economy. With Africa's growing economy that means other countries want to be apart of Africa to help manipulate it to what they want it to be. The reduced trade tariffs allow Africa to trade with other countries easier but the geography of Africa's ocean sides don't make it easy to export goods by boat. Africa does not have good natural harbors. (Chapter 20: Geography.)
Annotation # 6. Assignment 12
Heine, Jorge, and Ramesh Thakur. "The Dark Side of Globalisation." Hindu online (provided by World News Connection). 10 Jan 2011: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 20 Oct 2011.
Globalism "has changed our interactions with the international environment. For many, globalization the intensified cross-border exchange of goods, services, capital, technology, ideas, information, legal systems, and people is both desirable and irreversible, having underwritten a rising standard of living throughout the world." But for others it has devastated their countries economies. The flow of capitalism is controlled by the rich and therefore the poor suffer from it. The rich continue to stay rich and the poor continue to not receive the right kind of help they need. "Over the last two decades, oversea development assistance from the rich to poor countries has totaled $50-80 billion per year." That means for every dollar we give in aid money we take back ten dollars illegally.
"Industrial countries are mutually interdependent; developing countries are largely independent in economic relations with one another; and developing countries are highly dependent on industrial countries." Industrial countries need other countries to trade with. Developing countries are dependent on already established countries and not other developing countries. Developed countries benefit from trading with undeveloped countries, in a way that they can help shape that countries economy according to their own needs. They also need industrial countries to help provide for them and to have an equal trade exchange with. They must also learn to channel "the enormous opportunities offered by an expanding world economy for the benefit of their citizens."
Human trafficking is also a contributor to the dark side of globalization. It turns human beings into things to be sold and are made into a profit in the international market. Africa has many other crimes within their continent that is causing them economic trouble and not allowing them to expand their market but instead is continually pulling them back under into poverty.
Globalism "has changed our interactions with the international environment. For many, globalization the intensified cross-border exchange of goods, services, capital, technology, ideas, information, legal systems, and people is both desirable and irreversible, having underwritten a rising standard of living throughout the world." But for others it has devastated their countries economies. The flow of capitalism is controlled by the rich and therefore the poor suffer from it. The rich continue to stay rich and the poor continue to not receive the right kind of help they need. "Over the last two decades, oversea development assistance from the rich to poor countries has totaled $50-80 billion per year." That means for every dollar we give in aid money we take back ten dollars illegally.
"Industrial countries are mutually interdependent; developing countries are largely independent in economic relations with one another; and developing countries are highly dependent on industrial countries." Industrial countries need other countries to trade with. Developing countries are dependent on already established countries and not other developing countries. Developed countries benefit from trading with undeveloped countries, in a way that they can help shape that countries economy according to their own needs. They also need industrial countries to help provide for them and to have an equal trade exchange with. They must also learn to channel "the enormous opportunities offered by an expanding world economy for the benefit of their citizens."
Human trafficking is also a contributor to the dark side of globalization. It turns human beings into things to be sold and are made into a profit in the international market. Africa has many other crimes within their continent that is causing them economic trouble and not allowing them to expand their market but instead is continually pulling them back under into poverty.
Friday, October 21, 2011
Annotation # 5. Assignment 12
Yohannes, Daniel W. "Africa Is Awakening, Helped by Free Trade." Wall Street Journal. 27 Jun 2011: A.15.
SIRS Issues Reasearcher. Web. 21 Oct 2011.
In this news journal they discuss how America is helping grow by reducing trade tariffs and trading with them to help their economy. It seems to me that the journalist however is trying to compare Africa to America which is not a Good comparison. America is built up and Africa is not. Africa is mostly farm lands with farmers who provide enough for their families and sometimes they can't even do that with the bad weather and droughts they get throughout the year. Although America does help them I don't think we are helping them for the right reasons and not always in the right ways.
"America has always given generously to the cause of poverty reduction in Africa, but moral leadership is not the only interest at stake. Other nations seeking to gain a foothold in emerging African markets are investing heavily in their development. Now is not the time to back away. The economic future and national security of the U.S. are equally compelling reasons to invest in Africa's growth." The journalist even admits to the U.S helping Africa to gain control in the market place. It isn't always about being a good nation and helping someone in need. If our country can benefit from it in some way than were usually willing to help out.
While the journalist did say "Six of the ten fastest growing economics of the last decade were in the sub-Saharan Africa," I believe this is only because a lot of the countries around the world already have a stable economy and establishes government or at least more so than Africa. "The African continent is experiencing a reawakening. Poverty and hungry are still widespread problems, but Africa's growing middle class is creating business and investment opportunities that are among the best in the world." He isn't saying it is the best already developed economy but it is the best investment since they are rapidly growing. Africa has so much potential, a fast growing economy, developing trade laws, and newly created jobs. With the development of Africans Growth and Opportunity Act, in 2000, and the Millennium Challenge Corporation, trading with other countries has become easier and more achievable than before. The "AGOA reduces the tariffs that African exporters face in the U.S. markets while providing technical assistant to help them take advantage of the legislation." With these two acts in place more than 300,000 African jobs have been created.
I see this being a minor part of my final research paper. The news article wasn't as long as I was hoping it to be but he made a good point of how America just helps out other countries for a personal gain. It is from the Wall Street Journal so I think that gives it, its credibility and makes it reliable. I found this article through an online resource site that many other schools use.
SIRS Issues Reasearcher. Web. 21 Oct 2011.
In this news journal they discuss how America is helping grow by reducing trade tariffs and trading with them to help their economy. It seems to me that the journalist however is trying to compare Africa to America which is not a Good comparison. America is built up and Africa is not. Africa is mostly farm lands with farmers who provide enough for their families and sometimes they can't even do that with the bad weather and droughts they get throughout the year. Although America does help them I don't think we are helping them for the right reasons and not always in the right ways.
"America has always given generously to the cause of poverty reduction in Africa, but moral leadership is not the only interest at stake. Other nations seeking to gain a foothold in emerging African markets are investing heavily in their development. Now is not the time to back away. The economic future and national security of the U.S. are equally compelling reasons to invest in Africa's growth." The journalist even admits to the U.S helping Africa to gain control in the market place. It isn't always about being a good nation and helping someone in need. If our country can benefit from it in some way than were usually willing to help out.
While the journalist did say "Six of the ten fastest growing economics of the last decade were in the sub-Saharan Africa," I believe this is only because a lot of the countries around the world already have a stable economy and establishes government or at least more so than Africa. "The African continent is experiencing a reawakening. Poverty and hungry are still widespread problems, but Africa's growing middle class is creating business and investment opportunities that are among the best in the world." He isn't saying it is the best already developed economy but it is the best investment since they are rapidly growing. Africa has so much potential, a fast growing economy, developing trade laws, and newly created jobs. With the development of Africans Growth and Opportunity Act, in 2000, and the Millennium Challenge Corporation, trading with other countries has become easier and more achievable than before. The "AGOA reduces the tariffs that African exporters face in the U.S. markets while providing technical assistant to help them take advantage of the legislation." With these two acts in place more than 300,000 African jobs have been created.
I see this being a minor part of my final research paper. The news article wasn't as long as I was hoping it to be but he made a good point of how America just helps out other countries for a personal gain. It is from the Wall Street Journal so I think that gives it, its credibility and makes it reliable. I found this article through an online resource site that many other schools use.
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